Significance of Tests for Petroleum Products by Salvatore J. Rand

By Salvatore J. Rand

Revised on a regular basis considering the fact that its first booklet in 1934 (the 6th variation used to be released in 1993), this seventh-edition handbook doesn't goal to offer exhaustive insurance, yet as an alternative specializes in discussing what checks are performed on numerous petroleum items, and why they're performed. Twenty contributions represent the homes of aviation fuels, car fuel, crude oils, heating and lights fuels, lubricating oils, and petroleum oils for rubber, between different items and comprises chapters on sampling concepts, environmental checking out, and try out caliber insurance.

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Gasoline-alcohol blends will dissolve some water, but will also separate into two phases when contacted with more water than they can dissolve. This water can be absorbed from ambient air or can occur as liquid water in the bottom of tanks in the storage, distribution, and vehicle fuel system. 7 mass % water, they separate into an alcohol-rich aqueous phase and an alcohol-poor hydrocarbon phase. The aqueous phase can be corrosive to metals, and the engine cannot operate on it. Therefore, this type of phase separation is undesirable.

Fuels meeting this specification have usually provided satisfactory performance in typical passenger car service. However, certain equipment or operating conditions m a y require or permit variations from these limits. M o d e m vehicles, designed to exacting tolerances for good emission control, fuel economy, and driveability, may require more restrictive limits. OTHER PROPERTIES tains a recommendation that all fuel dispensers be equipped with filters of 10 micron (micrometer) or less nominal pore size at point of delivery to the customer.

Most growth takes place where fuel and water meet. Therefore, it is most important to minimize water in storage tanks. Microbial contamination in gasoline was not much of a problem until lead was removed from gasoline. Appendix X5 of Specification D 4814 discusses microbial contamination and references ASTM D 6469, Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems. Lead Content Constraints imposed by emission control regulations and health concerns have led to the exclusive availability of unleaded gasolines for street and highway use.

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