By James G. Speight
Refineries mustn't ever purely adapt to evolving environmental laws for purifier product necessities and processing, but in addition locate how one can meet the expanding call for for petroleum products,particularly for liquid fuels and petrochemical feedstocks. The Chemistry and expertise of Petroleum, Fourth variation bargains a twenty first century point of view at the improvement of petroleum refining technologies.
Like its bestselling predecessors, this quantity lines the technological know-how of petroleum from its subterranean formation to the physicochemical homes and the creation of diverse items and petrochemical intermediates. providing approximately 50 percentage new fabric, this version emphasizes novel refining methods that optimize potency and throughput. It comprises new chapters on heavy oil and tar sand bitumen restoration, deasphalting and dewaxing tactics, and environmental points of refining, together with refinery wastes, rules, and research. The textual content additionally gains revised and elevated assurance of instability and incompatibility, refinery distillation, thermal cracking, hydrotreating and desulfurization, hydrocracking, and hydrogen production.
A distinctive, well-documented, and forward-thinking paintings, this publication maintains to offer the main entire assurance of petroleum technological know-how, know-how, and refining on hand. The Chemistry and expertise of Petroleum, Fourth version presents a great platform for scientists, engineers, and different execs to accomplish purifier and extra effective petroleum processing tools.
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Additional info for The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum
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4): 1. Materials that are of natural origin 2. Materials that are manufactured 3. Materials that are integral fractions derived from natural or manufactured products ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. S. 6 NATIVE MATERIALS PETROLEUM Petroleum and the equivalent term crude oil cover a wide assortment of materials consisting of mixtures of hydrocarbons and other compounds containing variable amounts of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen, which may vary widely in volatility, specific gravity, and viscosity.
7 Assessment of the Methods References Conversion Factors Glossary ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Part I History, Occurrence, and Recovery ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. 1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES Petroleum is perhaps the most important substance consumed in modern society. It provides not only raw materials for the ubiquitous plastics and other products, but also fuel for energy, industry, heating, and transportation. The word petroleum, derived from the Latin petra and oleum, means literally rock oil and refers to hydrocarbons that occur widely in the sedimentary rocks in the form of gases, liquids, semisolids, or solids.
It is characterized by a bright luster and a carbon residue in the range 10% to 20% by weight. The mineral occurs in nearly vertical veins varying from about an inch to many feet in width and is relatively free of occluded inorganic matter. Samples taken from different veins and across the larger veins may vary somewhat in softening point, solubility characteristics, sulfur content, and so on, but the variation is not great. It is evident in all instances that it is essentially the same material, and it is therefore appropriate to apply a single name to this mineral.