By Destin A. LeBlanc
Written through knowledgeable if you needs to layout validatable cleansing methods after which validate these strategies, this e-book discusses interdependent subject matters from numerous technical components and disciplines. It exhibits how every piece of the cleansing technique matches into the validation software, making it extra defensible in either inner caliber audits and exterior regulatory audits. Designed to be used within the total validation software, the ebook demonstrates the way to construct a entire application, and comprises dialogue and examples of cleansing structures, regulatory standards, and distinct subject matters and concerns. It presents an FDA cleansing validation information rfile and a complete word list.
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Extra info for Validated Cleaning Technologies for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Example text
These cleaners are generally liquid (as opposed to dry powder) products because of the ease of using liquids in cleaning agent feed systems. Organic Solvents There are a variety of advantages and disadvantages of organic solvent cleaning as opposed to aqueous cleaning, particularly in a bulk active manufacturing 32 Validated Cleaning Technologies facility. In a bulk facility, the emphasis is on cleaning only specific compounds (and closely related analogs). Therefore, the issue of solubility being the primary cleaning mechanism is more straightforward.
Organic solvents, including solvents such a s acetone, methanol, and ethyl acetate, are most commonly used for cleaning in bulk drug manufacture. Aqueous cleaning includes the use of water alone or the use of commodity chemicals or formulated specialty cleaners diluted in water. Commodity chemicals include inorganics such a s sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid. Formulated speciality cleaners include a variety of liquid, multifunctional products containing surfactants and a variety of functional additives.
For example, salts may be soluble in water, and certain organic actives may be soluble in acetone or methanol. This is one of the primary cleaning mechanisms and, other things being equal, is a preferred mechanism because of its simplicity. Unfortunately, there are several complicating factors. One factor is that information about Cleaning a n d Cleaning Agents 21 the solubility of a compound in a solvent does not necessarily address the rate of solubility. This can be illustrated with the dissolution of sugar in water.