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S. Federal Power Commission, 1977). There can be no doubt that comparably large gas resources are to be found elsewhere in the world's coal basins, so long as the coal beds have not as yet been mined and a gas migration route to the surface does not exist. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER The final section of the book, Section IX, contains two important chapters on the transfer of technology. Involved here is the exchange not only of technology but of people and ideas. This is of prime importance to the developing nations, which are as yet ill-equipped to provide for their materials requirements for resource exploitation, let alone for needed technological innovation.

Now such surveys are enhanced or supplanted by various sorts of imagery obtained from earth-orbiting satellites, which show features, by color contrast, in a detail and on a scale never before believed possible. When one approaches the problem of exploration in a prospective area, several avenues are available. The identification of structure in the subsurface has been the objective historically of much of the petroleum-exploration effort around the world. Since geologic traps are usually associated with structure, and both geological and geophysical methods are directly applicable for their detection, they remain the explorationists' basic preliminary tools.

The wide range in exploration costs, the wide range of production per well, and the wide range in taxes on different types of petroleum, lead to the result that a precise cost comparison is almost impossible. S. 20 per barrel, are based exclusively on the direct cost of exploration and production, such cost estimates are calculated in other countries by including very many more factors with the result that cost comparisons are almost impossible. In the United States for in- stance, on Federal land, leases are auctioned before exploration and the cost of the lease, in addition to Federal royalties and other taxation, becomes part of the production costs.