By Emmanuel S Onaivi
Marijuana is the prototypical cannabinoid, and is among the most generally used medicinal drugs on this planet. curiously, cannabinoids are molecules discovered certainly within the human physique and mind in addition to in cannabis.
This booklet offers an intensive reference at the biology of marijuana and the function of molecular strategies in elucidating neuropharmacological points of cannabinoid receptors and the endogenous compounds that act upon them. Contributions from specialists from world wide describe the interplay of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids on a variety of organic features together with flow, reminiscence and studying, soreness, feelings, endocrine features and lots of extra. The Biology of Marijuana: From Gene to behaviour could be of curiosity to all scientists and clinicians attracted to the organic results and pharmacology of this drug.
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Additional info for The Biology of Marijuana: From Gene to Behavior
Sample text
1999). , 1996). 2 kb) CB1 cDNA and obtained some clones. From these clones λAC21 was used and restriction enzyme digestion produced three bands from the CB1 genomic insert. 5 kb in size. 5 kb bands. 5 kb bands are linked and host the cDNA. 5 kb band is flanking either the C-terminal or in the N-terminal. 5 kb band. 8 kb apart from the N-terminal fragment of the cDNA. 1). To characterize the insert in further detail long PCR (XLPCR) amplification was performed with N-terminal GSP and universal primers which amplified a band of about 7 kb.
Interactions with acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, adrenergic, opiate, glutamatergic and GABAergic systems have been demonstrated in several brain structures. In animals, cannabinoid agonists such as, WIN 55,212-2 and CP 55,940 produce a characteristic combination of four prototypic profiles, sometimes referred to as response to the tetrad tests, including, catalepsy, analgesia, hypoactivity and hypothermia. These effects are reversed by the selective CB1 Cnr antagonist, SR141716A, providing evidence for the involvement of CB1 Cnr-related mechanisms.
Cannabinoid agonist may induce biphasic effects, for example, hyperactivity at low doses and severe motor deficits at larger doses have been documented. The conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm has been used extensively to study brain mechanisms of reward and reinforcement. Marijuana (cannabinoid) interactions with the brain substrates for reward and reinforcement were excellently reviewed by Gardner in this book and also by Tzschentke (1998). Although the paradigm has been criticized because of some inherent methodological problems, it is clear that the place preference conditioning has become a valuable and firmly established and a widely used tool in addiction research, Tzschentke (1998).