Planning And Task Performance In A Second Language (Language by Rod Ellis

By Rod Ellis

The decade has visible a becoming physique of analysis investigating quite a few points of L2 newbies’ functionality of projects. This publication specializes in one activity implementation variable: making plans. It considers theories of ways possibilities to devise a job have an effect on functionality and assessments claims derived from those theories in a chain of empirical stories. The ebook examines sorts of making plans (i.e. activity practice session, pre-task making plans and within-task planning), addressing either what beginners do after they plan and the consequences of the different sorts of making plans on L2 creation. the alternative of making plans because the variable for research during this ebook is stimulated either by way of its significance for present theorizing approximately L2 acquisition (in specific in regards to cognitive theories that view acquisition by way of details processing) and its software to language academics and language testers, for not like many different constructs in SLA ‘planning’ lends itself to exterior manipulation. The research of making plans, then, presents an appropriate discussion board for demonstrating the interconnectedness of thought, study and pedagogy in SLA.

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There was also a control group that had no preparation time and was required to perform the task under time pressure. The results indicated that opportunities for unpressured on-line planning assisted both accuracy and complexity but, as might be expected, inhibited fluency. These three studies suggest that the time learners are given for on-line planning improves the accuracy of their production. However, the effects may only be evident when learners are drawing on their rule-based system. e. e.

They compared the effects of ‘undetailed’ and ‘detailed’ planning, where the learners were given metacognitive advice about how to attend to syntax, lexis, content, and organization. The results showed that, in line with the overall effect of planning on fluency, for the narrative task the guided planners were notably more fluent than the unguided planners, but that there was no marked difference for the personal and decision-making tasks. This study suggests that the type of planning interacts with the type of task to influence fluency.

Secondly, although sometimes strategic planning does naturally occur before certain speech events, and is very frequent before writing, strategic planning seems untypical of many oral activities. Hence, while it has clear potential as a pedagogic device, it is not a target condition for normal everyday speech production. Students will usually need to be able to perform adequately without strategic planning, and not depend on having this facility. The third and perhaps most important problem is that although it is not clear how far ahead speakers can plan, in many speech contexts, the amount of discourse that can be pre-planned is bound to be limited.

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