By Gavin JT Powell
There are 3 elements to tuning an Oracle database: information modeling, SQL code tuning and actual database configuration. a knowledge version comprises tables and relationships among tables. Tuning an information version includes normalization and de-normalization. assorted methods are required looking on the appliance, akin to OLTP or an information Warehouse. beside the point database layout could make SQL code very unlikely to song. terrible facts modeling may have a so much profound impact on database functionality seeing that all SQL code is made from the knowledge version. Poorly written SQL code is usually a offender of functionality difficulties and is dear to rectify. despite the fact that, tuning of SQL code is usually more cost-effective than altering the information version. SQL code has a tendency to be contained inside of self sustaining blocks inside of functions or kept methods. actual database tuning includes source utilization, networking and diverse different Oracle issues akin to configuration and dossier distribution. actual configuration is usually a offender of negative functionality the place Oracle is put in with defaults, and not altered via a professional. *Includes all 3 elements of Oracle database tuning: facts version tuning, SQL & PL/SQL code tuning, actual plus configuration tuning *Contains skilled suggestions and real-world examples utilizing huge datasets *Emphasizes improvement in preference to working approach point of view
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Example text
Denormalization is synonymous with Normalization except the opposite; both are common sense. Reminding Ourselves about Normalization A relational database relates subsets of a dataset to each other. How do we relate these subsets? What do we mean by a subset and what is a data set? • A data set is the equivalent of a database in Sybase or Ingres and a schema in Oracle Database. A data set is a set of tables. • A subset is a table. A table defines the structure and contains the row and column data for each subset.
Note that the size of the keys is large and in some cases the indexes would occupy as much physical space as the tables themselves. If tables were to be joined, the tables would be joined on the basis of all the elements of each primary key. Following is an example script of a join that selects rows from four tables; note the size of the WHERE clause used to execute the join. 1. The primary keys would be shortened coded versions of the name fields in each entity. NAME values are "North East", "South East", "Mid-West" and "Pacific Coast" their related division code values could be NE, SE, MW, and PC, respectively.
Again, the child table has to be small! The Optimizer will usually full table scan small tables, regardless of the presence of indexes. This further builds the case where small static tables can simply be excluded from Referential Integrity checks by removing or disabling any child table foreign key constraints. Under these rare circumstances it may also be expedient to Chapter 2: Tuning the Relational Database Model 33 34 Chapter 2: Tuning the Relational Database Model remove or disable the primary key constraint from the child table as well.