By F. M. Matschinsky (Editor), M. A. Magnuson (Editor)
The glucose-phosphorylating enzyme glucokinase (also often called hexokinase IV) performs a preeminent function as a glucose sensor and regulatory metabolic enzyme. the results of this important place of glucokinase for the certainty and remedy of diabetes mellitus are some distance attaining. This publication addresses the molecular and human genetic, in addition to the physiological-chemical and pharmacological facets of the position glucokinase performs in glucose homeostasis and illnesses of glucose metabolism, and the way the enzyme serves because the drug objective for the therapy of diabetes mellitus. the gathering of assays by means of a staff of across the world popular authors contains easy technology chapters facing the enzymology, constitution and the kinetics of hexokinases, essays describing the biochemical genetics of glucokinase-linked hypo- and hyperglycemia syndromes, and papers that debate the various roles of the enzyme in a number of tissues.
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Extra resources for Glucokinase And Glycemic Disease: From Basics to Novel Therapeutics (Frontiers in Diabetes)
Example text
Thus, gene duplication-fusion may have occurred more than once, giving rise to higher molecular weight hexokinases in different branches of the phylogenetic tree. Hexokinase Gene Family 23 Structure of the Genes Encoding the Mammalian Isozymes of Hexokinase The intron-exon structure has been determined for the genes encoding the rat [16] and human [17] type I isozyme, the rat [18], human [19, 20], and murine [21] type II isozyme, the human [22] type III isozyme, and the type IV isozyme from rat [23] and human [24].
Arch Biol Med Exp 1979;12:571–580. Monasterio O, Cárdenas ML: Kinetic studies of rat-liver hexokinase D (‘glucokinase’) in noncooperative conditions show an ordered mechanism with MgADPϪ as the last product to be released. Biochem J 2003;371:29–38. Davagnino J, Ureta T: The identification of extrahepatic ‘glucokinase’ as N-acetyl-glucosamine kinase. J Biol Chem 1980;255:2633–2636. Allen MB, Brockelbank JL, Walker DG: Apparent glucokinase activity in non-hepatic tissues due to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine kinase.
Finally, the genetic control of glucokinase expression in rat and human, with insulin acting to induce transcription of the RNA, is to be expected for an enzyme that responds to changes in substrate supply but would be difficult to explain for one that responded to demand for its product. References 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Cárdenas ML: ‘Glucokinase’: Its Regulation and Role in Liver Metabolism. Austin, Landes, 1995. Matschinsky FM: Glucokinase as glucose sensor and metabolic signal generator in pancreatic  cells and hepatocytes.