New Mathematical Diversions: More Puzzles, Problems, Games, by Martin Gardner

By Martin Gardner

The 3rd medical American columns assortment.

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Additional info for New Mathematical Diversions: More Puzzles, Problems, Games, and Other Mathematical Diversions (Spectrum Series)

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ESSOR MERLEWHITEof the mathematics department, Professor Leslie Black of philosophy, and Jean Brown, a young sten'ographer who worked in the university's office of admissions, were lunching together. " exclaimed Professor White. If the lady's hair isn't brown, what is the color of Professor Black's hair ? 7 . AIRPLANE FLIES in a straight line from airport A to airport B, then back in a straight line from B to A. I t travels with a constant engine speed and there is no wind. Will its travel time for the same round trip be greater, less or the same if, throughout both flights, a t the same engine speed, a constant wind blows from A to B ?

Evolve M A N from APE. Raise ONE to TWO. Change BLUE to PINK. Make WINTER SUMMER. P u t ROUGE on CHEEK. Like so many mathematicians, Carroll enjoyed all sorts of wordplay: composing anagrams on the names of famous people (one of his best: William Ewart Gladstone - Wild agitator! Means well), writing acrostic verses on the names of little :girls, inventing riddles and charades, making puns. His letters to his child friends were filled with this sort of thing. I n one letter he mentions his discovery that the letters ABCDEFGI can be rearranged to make a hyphenated word.

60 Paper Cutting a familiar example. Rule the star as irregularly a s you please (you may even include the degenerate forms shown in Figure 18, in w'hich one or two points of the star fail t o extend beyond the body), dot the five corners, cut out the s t a r and trim off the corners. You may be surprised to find that, as in the case of the triangle, the points of any pentagram join to form a straight angle. This theorem can be confirmed by another quaint empirical technique that might be called the sliding-match method.

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