By Roy Quantick
Climatology - fairly the research of adverse and important climatic conditions - is of significant value to pilots now that aeroplanes fly over formerly unavailable routes corresponding to the North Pole and take direct routes over very huge oceans.Existing books on climatology tackle actual, organic or cultural environments and don't offer sufficient details for the pilot. Nor do the current books on aviation meteorology supply adequate aspect on topics akin to arid climates, tropical storms and top tropospheric winds and temperatures.This new ebook concentrates on facets of climatology which are very important for contemporary aviation, together with temperature, precipitation, sunlight radiation, winds and neighborhood climatic environments from round the world.Although the publication has been written with the airline pilot in brain, it is going to even be an important reference for Air shipping Pilot Licence education employees and for ATPL scholars. it is going to even be of curiosity to operational direction making plans employees and scholars of climatology.
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Extra resources for Climatology for airline pilots
Sample text
10 Temperate maritime climates Some general notes about climates of the temperate oceans with those of the neighbouring land areas are given below. The North Atlantic, the North Pacific and the Southern Ocean around Antarctica have a substantial influence over the particular neighbouring land areas. Because of the generally westerly flow of the atmosphere, maritime influences are most marked on the eastern sides of the oceans, and are particularly strong in Western Europe, western North America, the southern parts of western South America, New Zealand, and the extreme south of Australia.
Upper Winds and Jet Streams 43 On a surface chart showing isobars (lines joining points of equal barometric pressure reduced to mean sea level in ambient atmospheric conditions), then as the spacing of isobars indicates the pressure gradient, it follows that a suitable scale (geostrophic scale) could be applied and the windspeed extracted at that point. Wind direction is the local alignment of the isobars. However, the construction of isobaric charts at fixed heights above the Earth’s surface and the measurement of upper winds by means of a geostrophic scale as on surface charts is not as convenient at upper levels due to the variation of the density of the air with height.
3. They comprise easterly trade winds in the tropics, calm subtropical high-pressure zones, mid-latitude westerlies and stormy low- and high-pressure zones close to the poles. In cross-section, these zones can be represented as three circulation systems covering the tropics, the mid-latitudes and the polar regions. (See Fig. 5). Incidentally, these general circulation features, both horizontal and vertical, are clearly recognisable on satellite images. The weather in tropical regions is dominated by vertical circulation (the Hadley cell).